antiphospholipid antibody การใช้

• Antiphospholipid antibodies are detected in 24 % of those referred to thrombophilia testing.
• There are also associations between antiphospholipid antibodies and headaches, migraines, and oscillopsia.
• Aspirin, however, is used together with heparin in pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies.
• Some studies have shown the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood and spinal fluid of patients with psychological symptoms.
• Such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody-associated clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines.
• antiphospholipid antibodies, anti-dsDNA, and rheumatoid factor are usually negative, and may help in differentiation from SLE.
• High levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, for instance, can be a warning sign because they can trigger blood clots that can lead to strokes.
• The effect of " antiphospholipid antibody syndrome " is fiendish : A pregnant woman's body turns against her child in the womb.
• Other less common causes include hypercoagulable state, cancer, renal transplantation, behcet syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or blunt trauma to the back or abdomen.
• In a 1994 study, Sher reported that low doses of aspirin and heparin, a blood thinner, raised pregnancy rates in women whose immune systems produced a suspected embryo killer called APA ( antiphospholipid antibody ).
• If the abnormality does not disappear, the sample is said to contain an " inhibitor " ( either heparin, antiphospholipid antibodies or coagulation factor specific inhibitors ), while if it does disappear a factor deficiency is more likely.
• All women with lupus, even those without previous history of miscarriage, are recommended to be screened for antiphospholipid antibodies, both the lupus anticoagulant ( the RVVT and sensitive PTT are the best screening battery ) and anticardiolipin antibodies.
• There are reports in the literature suggesting that eculizumab therapy may be useful in CAPS by virtue of its blockade of complement activity, prevention of acute progressive thrombotic events, reversal of thrombocytopenia, and control of serum antiphospholipid antibody levels.
• Hypercoagulability states as a pre-existing condition in pregnancy include both acquired ones, such as antiphospholipid antibodies, and congenital ones, including factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, proteins C and S deficiencies, and antithrombin III deficiency.
• The syphilis anti-cardiolipin antibodies are beta-2 glycoprotein independent, whereas those that occur in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome ( associated to lupus for example ) are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent, and this can be used to tell them apart in an ELISA assay.
• He co-authored the first reports on hepatitis B associated polyarteritis nodosa; early reports on twins with lupus; studies on neurologic lupus, including treatment and cognitive dysfunction; pregnancy and lupus; atherosclerosis and lupus, and many research papers on the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
• Recurrent miscarriage is an indication for thrombophilia screening, particularly antiphospholipid antibodies ( anti-cardiolipin IgG and IgM, as well as lupus anticoagulant ), factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutation, activated protein C resistance and a general assessment of coagulation through an investigation known as thromboelastography.
• The testing of antibodies to the possible individual targets of aPL such as ? 2 glycoprotein 1 and antiphosphatidyl serine is currently under debate as testing for anticardiolipin appears to be currently sensitive and specific for diagnosis of APS even though cardiolipin is not considered an in vivo target for antiphospholipid antibodies.
• The increased risks of recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth by antiphospholipid antibodies, as supported by " in vitro " studies, include decreased trophoblast viability, syncytialization and invasion, deranged production of hormones and signalling molecules by trophoblasts, as well as activation of coagulation and complement pathways.
• USS can present similar to the following diseases which have to be excluded : HELLP ( hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets ) syndrome, pre-eclampsia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ( HIT ), cancer that is often accompanied with metastasis, kidney injury, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and side effects from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.